The generation of reactive oxygen species and the resultant oxidative stress are significant contributors to the toxic effects of gentamicin. Eryngium caucasicum Trautv, a member of the Apiaceae family, is recognized for its strong antioxidant effect. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the methanolic extract of this plant on gentamicin-induced toxicity, with a focus on histopathological alterations of kidney and liver. A total of 32 mice were randomly assigned to four equal groups and treated over a period of 10 days. The first group acted as the control and received no treatment. The second group was given gentamicin through intraperitoneal injection. The third group received the herbal extract orally, while the fourth group was administered the herbal extract orally alongside the intraperitoneal injection of gentamicin. The findings revealed that the oral administration of the herbal extract significantly reduced gentamicin-induced hemorrhage and inflammation in kidney. Furthermore, there was a decrease in gentamicin-induced hyperemia, congestion, degeneration, and necrosis in kidney, although these changes did not achieve statistical significance. The co-administration of the herbal extract also led to a reduction in gentamicin-induced hyperemia and congestion in liver tissue. The liver data did not demonstrate statistical significance in either gentamicin-induced hepatotoxicity or the hepatoprotective effects of the herbal extract. The results of this study suggest that the methanolic extract of Eryngium caucasicum Trautv offers obvious protective benefits to kidney tissues against the toxic effects of gentamicin, while the antibiotic did not exhibit significant hepatotoxicity at the administered dosage.